Metal Activity

Instructions: First we took a 24 plate that was 4x6 and the substances in the corrects numbering and lettering on the plate.

1st Column (A-C): 8 drops of copper(II)nitrate
2nd Column (A-C): 8 drops of magnesium nitrate
3rd Column (A-C): 8 drops of zinc nitrate
4th Column (A-C): 8 drops of silver nitrate
                  Then. . .
1st Row (A): place a small copper wire
2nd Row (B): place a small magnesium ribbon
3rd Row (C): place a few zinc granules

The Plate Results:

Cell letter.        Metal.       1.                   2.                 3.                  4.
                                       (Cu2+NO31-)  (Mg2+No31-) (Zn2+NO31-)  (Ag1+No31-)
   A                     Cu               NR                    NR                   NR                 PPT
   B                     Mg              PPT                   NR                   NR                 PPT
   C                     Zn               PPT                   NR                   NR                 PPT

NR= not reaction
PPT= precipitate

Observing this lab and the reactions that occured i noticed that the metal that reacted the most to the solutions was: Zinc and the metal that reacted the least to the solutions was: Copper.   From the most reactive to the least metals is: Zinc, Magnesium, then Copper

So then Mr Ludwig asked: So why in New York the Liberty girl is made of copper and not other metals? After seeing this experiment I knew why. With the statue having to deal with weather, copper was the metal that would not react or get destroyed by many elements.

Types of Reactions

•  Reaction 1: HCl+Mg-----> H2+MgCl2

What we did: Test tube 1/2 way full of hydrochloric acid, put a piece of magnesium metal in and then right away place a second tube on top. Once the reaction stops we got a matched flame and stuck it into the second tube.

What happened: A soon as the metal was put in, it bubbled like crazy and heated up the tube. Soon enough the metal was gone. . .  When the match was put in the tube, it made a loud high pitch noise. The hydrogen gas exploded and thats what caused the loud noise.

Belief: I believe that the gas that was created and the addition of the match caused an explosion, thats what caused the loud noise.

•  Reaction 2: Mg+O2---heat---> MgO

What we did: Grab a magnesium strip with a pair of tongs and light it on fire.

What happened: FIREWORK! The became a bright white light, the fire lit the metal quickly.

Belief: The magnesium strip and the fire caused a reaction that expanded, created the bright white light.

•  Reaction 3: Cu+O2 --heat--> CuO

What we did: Took a copper wire, used a sand paper to shine it up. Then we tongs we held the wire and lit it on fire.

What happened: The flames surrounded the whole wire and it was bright red looked as if the metal was melting. Once in awhile a bright little green color would show up and when it was done, the metal was burned black. If u washed it with water, the shiny copper would sort of show up.

Belief: I think that copper was such a strong substance that not even fire phased it just caused a little reaction, the fire couldn't meet coppers standards.

•  Reaction 4: (NH4)2CO3 ---heat---> NH3+CO2

What we did: We poured a small amount of ammonium carbonate into a test tube, then we heated up the test tube and shifted the scent it created.

What happened: To me it smelled like hair dye, it was very strong. My nose felt like it was burning and i thought my nose was bleeding but it just became a little runny. My eyes began to water cause it was so intense.

Belief: The fire increased the smell of the substance cause it already had a smell but after heating it up, it was defiantly a stinky smell!

•  Reaction 5: H2O2 ---mn2--> O2+H2O

What we did: We filled up a tube 1/2 way of hydrogen peroxide, and then we added a little amount of manganese dioxide. Immediately  we held another test tube over it. After the reaction was done, we lit a match and blew it a little out to where it glows, then stuck in into the top test tube.

What happened: The reaction in the tube turned all black, looked like black tar. When we put the small glowed match and it reflamed the flame.

Belief: The gas that was created was a conductor of fire or flames, it was an active gas that get the flame recreating.

•  Reaction 6: KI+Pb(NO3)2------> KNO3+PbI2

What we did: Put a small amount of potassium iodine in a test tube, then put lead nitrate into another test tube. Then we combined the too substances. . .

What happened: The two colors we started with were clear and when we joined them together, they made a bright some what powder substance.

•  Reaction 7: CuCO3---heat---> CO2+CuO

What we did: In a test tube was a small amount of copper carbonate, we covered another test tube over it and put it over the burner. When it was done reacting, we put a lit flame inside the top test tube.

What happened: When we put the flame match into the second tube, the burned substance made a gas the took the flame out.

Conductivity Lab

The idea of the lab was to see if different types of substances were able to conduct energy. We mixed 10 different chemicals with water and went to examine the conductivity. With a conductivity tester we put the two solid metals sticking out into the liquid and the meter showed the level of conductivity it had. Here is a graph showing our results:

Scavenger hunt

	Boiling point	Melting point	Density	Atomic radius	Electronegatvity	# of Isotopes
Element that is highest	Re	C	Ir	Cs	F
Element that is lowest	He	He	H	He	Fr
Highest of Alkali metals	Li	Li	Cs	Cs	Li
Lowest of Alkali metals	Cs	Fr	Li	Li	Fr
Highest of Alkali Earth Metals	Be	Be	Ra	Ba	Be
Lowest of Alkali Earth Metals	Mg	Mg	Ca	Be	Ra
Highest of Transition metals	Re	W	Ir	Y	Au
Lowest of Transition metals	Hg	Hg	Sc	Zn	Hf
Highest of Noble Gases	Rn	Rn	Rn	Rn	Kr
Lowest of Noble Gases	H	He	He	He	Xe
Highest of Halogens	At	At	I	At	F
Lowest of Halogens	F	F	At	F	At
Highest of the Oxygen Group	Po	Te	Po	Po	O
Lowest of the Oxygen group	O	O	O	O	Po
Highest of the Carbon Group	C	C	Pb	Pb	C
Lowest of the Carbon group	Pb	Sn	C	C	Si
Highest of the Boron group	B	B	Ti	Ti  and In	B
Lowest of the Boron group	Ti	Ga	B	B	Al

	Name	Discoverer(s)	Use	Atomic number	Most stable isotope #
Na	Sodium	Humphry Davy		11
Al	Aluminum			13
Ra	Radium	Marie Sklodowska-Curie		88
O	Oxygen	Carl Wilheml Scheele and Joseph Priestley		8
Ti	Titanium	William Gregor named by Martin Heinrich		22
Po	Polonium	Marie Sklodowska-Curie  and Pierre Curie		84
K	Potassium			19
Pb	Lead		Building construction, lead-acid batteries, bullets and shots, weights, as part of solders, pewters. fusible alloys and as a radiation shield	82

Light Spectrum

The colors are ROYGBIV: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet, in the light spectrum. Three types of spectrums are Continuous, Emission, and Absorption. . . 

Taking time to write what we saw with each chemical, as a class we discussed and wondered why it did what it did. The causes of the lights thats we shown and why some werent. We learned these words--->

CONTINUOUS SPECTRA: another name is thermal spectrums, they have ever light and wave. Show all the colors in the rainbow. So all in all, it shows ALL the colors.

EMISSION:  when the light passes through, the energy is lowered or weakened, being able to see little amount of light.

ABSORPTION: some light is absorbed by gas and only some can pass through.

Now we did some experiments and discovered light through different chemicals and this is the results we got------->

After separating mixtures. . .

The Very Next Day!

We used those filter sheets that i was talking about and drew a image on it with colorful markers. After that we poked a hole right in the center and rolled up a piece of paper towel into the hole. Placed the whole thing into a thin flat container full of water. With the rolled paper towel sucking up the water into the filter, it began to move the colors. In the end, the blue color was very easy for the water to move and was all on the ends. However, the green had a difficult time moving with the water. This whole process is called chromatography. Its a chemical separation for substances like ink. In ink. molecules have different characteristics such as size and solubility, this effects the speed of the movement. Soon enough our drawings looked like this---->

Chapter 4 Assessment

Pg 112 :

28.  All matter is composed of atoms which contains protons, neutrons, and electrons in the nucleus

35. the cathode ray

39. The electrons stay confined in the nucleus because they are negative, and the protons are positive which attract. So the electromagnetic force cause them to stay.

40. The tube is filled with low pressured gas so its not like its hectic in their. The particles connect to the opposite charges as the voltage and magnetic force runs.

50. The superscript in the notation represents the mass number and the subscript stands for the atomic number.

51. You know the mass number and atomic number but how do you find out the number of neutrons? Well  if you have those two things, you take the subtract the atomic number to the mass number which will figure out the number of neutrons.

60.  Vanadium (V) protons: 23 electrons: 23----> Manganese (Mn) protons: 25 electrons:25----> Iridium (Ir) protons: 77 electrons: 77----> Sulfur (S) protons:16 electrons: 16

64. Cs- protons & electrons: 55 neutrons: 80

      Co- protons & electrons: 27 neutrons: 32

      Tm- protons & electrons: 69 neutrons: 94

      Zn- protons & electrons: 30 neutrons: 50

65. a: 31 protons & electrons, 33 neutrons
      b. 9 protons & electrons, 14 neutrons
      c. 22 protons & electrons, 26 neutrons
      d 2 protons & electrons, 6 neutrons
68. percent abundance (mass) = atomic mass. .  51.992
72.  
85.  You cannot  pass your hand through an solid object even though atoms are primarily composed of empty space just because they are all connect in place vibrating.

Pulling apart mixtures

In the beginning I made a crazy mixture with my crew (Nika and Tasha)we put sugar,  calcium chloride and marble chips. Stir, stir, stir til its all mixed together and we swabbed mixtures with another group. Not knowing whats in their container i got a magnet trying to pull the iron out, finding out their is none. I could tell their was a bunch of sugar, a little of marbles chips, sand and calcium chloride. Using a wired net, we separated the big chunks with the little sugars and sand which is called filtration. Marbles chips and calcium chloride in one container, sugar and sand in the other. We weighed the sand and calcium chloride. Used water to dissolve the calcium chloride and subtracted the marble with the total amount. Then on to the next container, sugar, sand and we added water. It was like a filter (filtration), a funnel cup with a paper folded in a certain way, we poured the whole mix in and it separated the sugared water and the sand. This took long time but it sure did work. Used math to get the measurements and BOOM separation complete!


This is how it was folded------>

And this is an example of a different type of filter:

2nd day of Chemistry

WOW! was super scared for this class. .  its been pretty chill. I know its gonna get hard but I'm super duper ready. The class seems like its full of awesome kidos.  Im so glad Nika is in my class even though are schedules are exactly the same, like serious, no joke.